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Benzyl Cyanide

6kilos of potassium cyanide are dissolved in water in an enameled stirring vessel fitted with reflux condenser. There is then added slowly a solution of 10 kilos of benzyl chloride in an equal weight of alcohol. When all has been added, the mixture is heated for three to four hours at the boil. The liquid separates into two layers, the upper one reddish brown, contains the benzyl cyanide, the lower aqueous layer the alcohol and potassium chloride (which is precipitated as a crust on the walls of the vessel on cooling). The brown oily layer is washed several times with water and then distilled at ordinary pressure. Traces of alcohol first come over and the temperature then rises quickly to 195ºC. The residual liquor is now cooled somewhat and the benzyl cyanide distilled off in vacuo without fractionation. The crude benzyl cyanide so obtained is used for the next operation.