تئوری درمان کور رنگی و شبکوری با استفاده از سیلوسایبین :دکتر یزدان نیاز (قسمت اول ) Magic mushrooms may be help in the treatment of achromatopsia &Nyctalopia

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Magic mushrooms may be help in the treatment of achromatopsia &Nyctalopia   

دکتر یزدان نیاز :ادعای درمان کور رنگی با قارچ جادویی برای اولین بار است که  در جهان مطرح گردیده است و تاکنون  هیچ  مرکزی در جهان  در این مورد تحقیقی نکرده است و  تاکنون هیچ مقاله ای در این باره منتشر نشده است و مدعی این درمان که من هستم باید  تا  چند سال دیگر صبر کنم  که مراکز دانشگاهی خارج از کشور روی  این درمان تحقیق و انرا تائید و به نام خود منتشر کنند
این درمان بر اساس  تئوری  وجود گیرنده ای سروتونین در طبقه  retinal ganglion cells  نتایج تحقیقات شخصی من است و اطمینان دارم هیچ چشم پزشکی انرا باور نخواهد کرد .
.البته برای  اثبات کامل  این تئوری که ادعای باور نکردنی  در جهان است  نیازمند به ازمایشات بیشتری بر روی حیوانات  هستیم   اما در ظرف دو سال گذشته طبق تجربیات شخصی و بررسی بر روی یک بیمار کور رنگ که  با  استفاده از سیلوسایبین شفا  یافته است   و اطلاعات کاملی که در مورد اثرات  سیلوسایبین دارم  به طور حتم  یقین به  درمان کور رنگی   بسیار نزدیک شدیم

خلاصه مقاله
سیلوسایبین در دوز کم و مدت طولانی ( چهار ماه) با افزایش پلاستسیته و  ایجاد اتصالات نورونی  جدید از طریق دندریت سلول  اماکرین در طبقه  retinal ganglion cellsچشم گیرنده های ناقص نور های رنگی  را  به هم  و به طبقه گانگیون  شبکیه اتصال داده و چون سیلوسایبین از دسته الکالوئید های ایندول و دارای خاصیت ماورای بنفش در طول موج  (315-400nm)  است می تواند  با تغییر فرکانس نور در گیرندهای مخروطی  باعث افزایش سویج کردن  سلولهای  اماکرین درانتقال نور رنگی از طریق سلول های retinal ganglion cells   به مغز باعث  درک رنگ قرمز توسط مغز شود و درمان بیماران کور رنگ به خصوص کسانی که قادر به  دیدن نور قرمز نیستند بسیار موثر است  

مقدمه

قارچ جادویی می تواند در درمان کور رنگی مادرزادی کمک کند .

کوررنگی یک بیماری ارثی است و اکثر انواع آن وابسته به کروموزوم X هستند. به این علت در اقایان بعلت وجود یک کرموزم X شیوع کوررنگی  بیش‌تر از زنان است، ژن کور رنگی بر روی کرموزم ایکس است به این علت  زنان چون دارای کروموزم XX هستند که از والدین می گیرند  زنان زمانی دچار کور رنگی می شوند که ژن ایکس معیوب را از هر دو  والد  دریافت کند

کور رنگی چیست .
سلول های شبکیه  چشم  که  مسئول بینایی هستند  دارای دو دسته کاملا متمایز هستند
سلول های  استوانه ای که  فقط قادر به  تشخصی نور غیر رنگی هستند
 سلول های مخروطی  سلول های هستند  که رنگ  ها  را تشخیص می دهند
سلول‌های مخروطی نوعی از سلول‌های گیرندهٔ نور هستند که در شبکیه قرار دارند. این سلول‌ها بر اساس تحریک‌پذیری خود نسبت طول موجهای مختلف نور بر سه دسته تقسیم می‌شوند:
  

  1. سلول‌های مخروطی نوع S، که نسبت به طول موج‌های کوتاه (حدود ۴۲۰ نانومتر) حساسیت بیشتری نشان می‌دهند و موجب دیدن رنگ آبی می‌شوند.
  2. سلول‌های مخروطی نوع M، که نسبت به طول موج‌های متوسط (حدود ۵۳۰ نانومتر) حساسیت بیشتری نشان می‌دهند و موجب دیدن رنگ سبز می‌شوند.
  3. سلول‌های مخروطی نوع L، که نسبت به طول موج‌های بلند (حدود ۵۶۰ نانومتر) حساسیت بیشتری نشان می‌دهند و موجب دیدن رنگ قرمز و زرد می‌شوند.
در افراد کوررنگ، در اثر جهش ژنها، یک، دو و یا هر سه نوع سلول مخروطی شبکیه فاقد رنگ‌دانههایی هستند که موجب دیدن رنگ‌ها می‌شوند.
کوررنگی انواع مختلفی دارد که شایع‌ترین آن‌ها عدم توانایی در تشخیص رنگ سبز و قرمز از یکدیگر است. عدم تشخیص هیچ‌یک از رنگ‌ها یکی از گونه‌های بسیار نادر کوررنگی است، و در آن فرد اشیاء را همچون در فیلم‌ها و یا عکس‌های سیاه و سفید می‌بیند.

تک‌رنگ‌بینی

تک‌رنگ‌بینی Monochromacy و یا کوررنگی کامل نوع نادری از این اختلال است که در آن هیچ‌یک از انواع سلول‌های مخروطی فعال نیستند و فرد قادر به تشخیص هیچ رنگی نیست.

دورنگ‌بینی

دورنگ‌بینی Dichromacy در صورتی ایجاد می‌شود که یکی از سه نوع سلول مخروطی فاقد رنگ‌دانه باشد. گونه‌ها:
  1. سرخ‌کوری protanopia اختلالی در تشخیص رنگ که در آن فرد مبتلا توانایی تشخیص رنگ سرخ را از زرد و سبز ندارد. در این صورت فرد رنگ سرخ را تیره و مایل به سبز می‌بیند.
  2. سبزکوری deuteranopia اختلالی در تشخیص رنگ که در آن فرد مبتلا توانایی تشخیص رنگ سبز را از سرخ و زرد ندارد. شایع‌ترین نوع کوررنگی است.
  3. آبی‌کوری tritanopia: اختلال نادری در تشخیص رنگ که در آن شخص مبتلا، به نور آبی حساس نیست و آبی و سبز را با هم اشتباه می‌کند.

سه‌رنگ‌بینی نابهنجار

سه‌رنگ‌بینی نابهنجار یکی از انواع شایع کوررنگی است که در آن هر سه نوع سلول مخروطی فعال هستند ولی در اثر جهش، تحریک‌پذیری یکی از آن‌ها نسبت به طیف نور تغییر یافته‌است.
  1. سرخ‌دشواربینی Protanomaly: یکی از این حالات است که حساسیت گیرنده‌های رنگ قرمز تغییر می‌یابد و تشخیص دو رنگ قرمز و سبز (زیرا طول موج‌هایشان به هم نزدیک‌تر است) را برای فرد دشوار می‌کند.
  2. سبزدشواربینی Deuteranomaly: نوع بسیار شایعی از کوررنگی است که در آن تشخیص دو رنگ قرمز و سبز به علت کاهش حساسیت گیرنده‌های رنگ سبز دشوار می‌شود.
  3. آبی‌دشواربینی Tritanomaly: نوع نادری است که در آن حساسیت سلول‌های مخروطی فرد نسبت به رنگ آبی کاهش می‌یابد و فرد در تشخیص رنگ‌های زرد و آبی دچار مشکل می‌شود. برخلاف سایر گونه‌ها، آبی‌دشواربینی وابسته به جنس نیست و تعداد زنان و مردان مبتلا به آن همسان است.
نوعی نقصان بینایی که در آن اشیای رنگین به رنگی دیگر و اشیای بی‌رنگ، رنگین به‌نظر می‌رسند، رنگین‌بینی chromatopsia نامیده می‌شود.


بررسی عصبی شبکیه چشم

زمانی که نور  به شبکیه بر خورد می کند  توسط سلول های مخروطی و استوانه ای دریافت می شود انها تحریک را به سلول های عصبی دو قطبی منتقل می کنند و  سر انچام پیام به سلول های به نام سلول های گانگلیون شبکیه retinal ganglion cells  منتقل تا به مغز برسد
چهار نوع از سلول های عصبی  در شبکیه هستند که در انتقال نور فعالند
 سلول های دو قطبی 
 سلول های گانگلیونی،
سلول های افقی 
 سلول های  اماکرین amacrine





گیرنده های سروتونین در شبکیه
حدود 33 فرم مختلف از سلول عصبی اماکرین در شبکیه یافت شده است سلول عصبی اماکرین در واقع دندریت هستند و اکسون ندارند  و هر سلول اماکرین ارتباط مشخصی بین سلول های دو قطبی و سلول گانگلیونیک دارد

بوسیله رنگ امیزی انتی بادی ضد سرتونین  تاکنون دو نوع گیرنده سروتونین در سلول اماکرین در خرگوش تشخیص داده شده است .
ادامه دارد پایان قسمت اول
زیر نویس

سلول آماکرین (انگلیسی: Amacrine cell) گروهی از سلولهای عصبی تحریک شونده (اینترنورون) در شبکیه چشم هستند که فاقد آکسون می‌باشند. این سلولها اصولاً نقش مهاری بر روی سایر نورونهای چشم را دارند و میانجی‌های عصبی مانند گابا و گلیسین آزاد می کنند.
سلول های افقی
Illumination\to Center photoreceptor hyperpolarization \to horizontal cell hyperpolarization \to Surround photoreceptor depolarization
کار این سلول ها
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