Salvia divinorum

سالویا دیوانوروم

Salvia (Salvia divinorum) is an herb common to southern Mexico and Central and South America. The main active ingredient in Salvia, salvinorin A, is a potent activator of kappa opioid receptors in the brain.^1,2 These receptors differ from those activated by the more commonly known opioids, such as heroin and morphine.

Traditionally, S. divinorum has been ingested by chewing fresh leaves or by drinking their extracted juices. The dried leaves of S. divinorum can also be smoked as a joint, consumed in water pipes, or vaporized and inhaled. Although Salvia currently is not a drug regulated by the Controlled Substances Act, several States and countries have passed legislation to regulate its use.³The Drug Enforcement Agency has listed Salvia as a drug of concern and is considering classifying it as a Schedule I drug, like LSD or marijuana.

Health/Behavioral Effects

People who abuse Salvia generally experience hallucinations or “psychotomimetic” episodes (a transient experience that mimics a psychosis).^4,5 Subjective effects have been described as intense but short-lived, appearing in less than 1 minute and lasting less than 30 minutes. They include psychedelic-like changes in visual perception, mood and body sensations, emotional swings, feelings of detachment, and importantly, a highly modified perception of external reality and the self, leading to a decreased ability to interact with one’s surroundings.⁵ This last effect has prompted concern about the dangers of driving under the influence of salvinorin. The long-term effects of Salvia abuse have not been investigated systematically. Recent experiments in rodents demonstrated deleterious effects of salvinorin A on learning and memory.⁶

Extent of Use

NIDA’s Monitoring the Future Survey of 8th, 10th, and 12th graders asked about Salvia abuse for the first time in 2009—5.7 percent of high school seniors reported past-year use (greater than the percent reporting ecstasy use). And according to the latest MTF figures the use of Salvia reported by 8th, 10th, and 12th graders remained unchanged from 2010 to 2011, with 1.6 percent of 8th graders, 3.9 percent of 10th graders, and 5.9 percent of 12th graders reporting past-year abuse. Although information about this drug is limited, its abuse is likely driven by drug-related videos and information on Internet sites.³ Because of the nature of the drug’s effects, its use may be restricted to individual experimentalists, rather than as a social or party drug.⁵

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سالویا دیوانوروم  سالویا دیوانوریوم سالویا دینوریوم سالویا دیینریوم سالویا دیوینورییوم سالویا دایوینوریم مخدر مریم گلی دیوینوروم سال ویا دیوینوروم سال ویا دیوانوریوم